Reflective and critical thinking in nursing curriculum.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the teaching of transversal competence of the Reflective and Critical Thinking that is fundamental in the decision-making and solution of nursing problems, in degree programs of public and private institutions in the Andean region. METHOD: multi-center, cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive study, with mixed approach in 5 countries. RESULTS: 76 nursing programs participated in the study. The Reflective and Critical Thinking was found as a subject, subject content and didactic strategies. Of the 562 subjects reviewed, this type of thinking is found in 46% of the humanities area and 42% in the area of research and professional discipline. It is important to train teachers to achieve coherence between the pedagogical model approach, teaching strategies and evaluations. CONCLUSION: nursing programs in the Andean region contemplate the critical thinking as cognitive and personals skills of communication. They also use real situations analysis, supervised practice, simulation labs and specifically learning based in problems to develop the capacity to solve them, decision-making and develop communication skills, including analysis, synthesis and evaluation.

Efecto del uso de floculante natural de Opuntia ficus- indica M. "tuna" en la disminución de la carga bacteriana de las aguas superficiales del distrito de Santa Rosa, Pallasca, Ancash / Effect of the use of floculante natural of Opuntia ficus-indica M. (tuna) in the leasing microbial charges of the superficial waters of the district of Santa Rosa, Pallasca, Ancash

La investigación tuvo como propósito determinar el efecto del uso floculante natural de Opuntia ficus-indica M. "tuna" en la disminución de la carga bacteriana de las aguas superficiales del distrito de Santa Rosa, Pallasca. Se trabajó con una proporción de 350 ppm (F1) del floculante natural. Las muestras de agua se recolectaron de diferentes puntos de las acequias, de 5 a 6 m paralelos a la línea de acequias, en el área más utilizada para el consumo directo. Se realizaron procedimientos químicos y microbiológicos para el análisis y lectura en laboratorio, con técnicas especializadas en tratamiento y monitoreo de las aguas, según sugiere la APHA. Se halló que el floculante de 350 ppm (F1) logra efecto positivo en la disminución de cargas bacterianas pero no llega a negativizar coliformes totales y coliformes fecales, respectivamente, por lo que, el agua resulta insegura para consumo humano directo. Se recomienda continuar con estudios similares y determinar contenidos de los componentes de los polielectrolitos por determinación química y/o espectroscopía y establecer con precisión los contenidos de yodo en estas sustancias responsables de la disminución de cargas microbianas.

The investigation had like purpose determined the effect of the use of flocculant natural of Opuntia ficus-indica "tuna" in the decrease of the load bacterium of the superficial waters of the district of Santa Rosa, Pallasca. It worked with 350 ppm (F1) of the flocculant natural. The samples of water recollection of different points of the acquits, of 5 a 6 m parallel to the line of acquits, in area for the direct consumption. They realized chemical procedures - microbiological for the analysis and reading in laboratory, with skilled technicians in treatment and monitory of the waters, asi it suggests the APHA. The proportional of 350 ppm(F1) gests positive effects of less bacterium charges, but it doesn't get total negativity coliphorms and fecal coliphorms, so the water become less safe for the human consumption. So we recommended continuing with similar studios in order to determine chemical or spectroscopy and establisher with right precision the contents of Iodine, with these responsible substances of flocculation clarification and leasing microbial charges.

Comprensión lectora y estrategias metacognitivas en estudiantes de enfermería Universidad San Pedro Huacho Perú / Reading and learning strategies college of nursing students in San Pedro Huacho Peru Brilliance

El estudio del perfil del estudiante de nuevo ingreso surge como problemática pertinente, en el contexto de la necesidad de establecer una base de datos sistemática que permita tener evidencia para la implementación de programas de ayuda al desarrollo personal de los estudiantes y del aprendizaje construido. Objetivo: Describir el perfil del estudiante de nuevo ingreso a la Escuela Académico profesional de Enfermería de la Universidad San Pedro de Chimbote - Sede Central, en función a su inteligencia, ajuste de personalidad y hábitos de estudio. Método: Estudio descriptivo que se ejecutó en una muestra de 185 estudiantes, determinada con un margen de error de muestreo de a= 0.05, N.C.= 95%, para p = q = 0.50. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: el test de Madurez Mental de California, el Inventario de Ajuste de Personalidad de Bell y el Inventario de Hábitos de Estudio de Wrenn. Resultados: el estudiante de nuevo ingreso a la Escuela de enfermería tiende a calificar bajo en el Test de MM de California, particularmente en los factores de razonamiento lógico y el de conceptos verbales, con un Ajuste de Personalidad de regular a muy insatisfactorio, sobre todo en las aéreas de ajuste familiar y la de ajuste social con hábitos de estudio inadecuados. Discusión: Se verificó un elevado número de estudiantes revelando niveles críticos en el desempeño de los tres indicadores estudiados y que resultan fundamentales para la formación de competencias profesionales en Enfermería, tanto genéricas como específicas, representando un grupo de riesgo para el fracaso académico y deserción...

The problem of studying freshmen nursing student's profile arises as relevant in the context of the need to have a systematic database as evidence that will allow the implementation of aid programs for students' personal development and learning built. Objective: To describe the freshmen nursing student's profile at University of San Pedro de Chimbote -Main Campus, according to their intelligence, personality adjustment and study habits. Method: A descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 185 students, as determined with a margin of sampling error of a = 0.05, NC = 95%, for p = q = 0.50. The instruments used were: the California Mental Maturity test, the Bell's Personality Adjustment Inventory and Wrenn's Study Habits Inventory. Results: Freshmen Nursing student tends to qualify low in the California Test of MM, particularly in the explored factors of logical reasoning and verbal concepts; with a regular to a very unsatisfactory Personality adjustment, especially in the areas of family adjustment and social adjustment; with inadequate study habits. Discussion: We observed large numbers of students disclosing critical levels in the performance of the three indicators studied and which are essential for training in nursing skills, both generic and specific, representing a group at risk for academic failure and dropout. The research design was descriptive correlational worked with a non-random sample, intentional selection up of 115 students in the academic semester 2007-1I. To identify the reading comprehension test was used for reading comprehension of Gonzalez (1998) also applied the metacognitive strategies inventory O'Neil and Abedi (1996), to identify the levels of meta cognitive strategies. The results show that students have a poor level of reading comprehension in basic and supplementary texts, 79.1% and 81.7% and low metacognitive strategies in all its dimensions...